Besides movies and munitions, the most influential American export today may be the culture of secrecy. In the paranoid zeitgeist following 9/11, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission developed “mitigative strategies” for nuclear power plants in case of “challenges to core cooling, containment, and spent fuel pool cooling following large explosions or fires” that might, among other problems, cut off all electricity (a catastrophe known in the trade as a station blackout)–particularly, in the tradition of preparing for the last war, from a terrorist attack via airliner. These technical contingency plans, nicknamed B.5.b after a section of the full NRC document (“Order for Interim Safeguards and Security Compensatory Measures” dated February 25, 2002), were classified “Official Use Only–Security Related Information,” a low-level category that nonetheless withheld their disclosure from the public. The U.S. government shared details of B.5.b with Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA), which limited access to only a few of its senior officials, even excluding the section chief in charge of such steps. NISA did not share the information with the Japan Atomic Energy Commission, which oversaw anti-terrorist efforts, or operators of nuclear power plants, such as Tokyo Electric Power Co.
In June 2011, three months after the Fukushima disaster, the U.S. government released key points of B.5.b., in order to reassure the American public that measures were in place to cope with such a station blackout. But it was too little too late for Japan, where a Diet panel conducting the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation would state in a report a year later that Fukushima could have been averted if NISA, while handling the classified American information, had notified utilities about steps described in B.5.b and ordered them to put the safeguards in place.
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Now the prospect of a new state secrets law in Japan that might hold back crucial information about the safety of nuclear power plants from the public has brought a warning from the Japan Federation of Bar Associations (analogous to the ABA in the U.S.), which has a professional stake in the subject. There is no turning back the clock on nuclear technology that came originally from America, but perhaps the culture of secrecy that accompanied it can be avoided.